Sebenzisa isixhumanisi esingezansi ukuze wabelane ngenguqulo yombhalo egcwele yalesi sihloko nabangani bakho nozakwenu.Funda kabanzi.
Phenya isimo esingaqinisekile kanye nezici ezinomthelela ezigulini ze-COVID-19 ezibhedlela zamaselula.
NgoFebhuwari 2020, iziguli eziyi-114 ze-COVID-19 ezingeniswe esibhedlela esihlala eWuhan City, esifundazweni saseHubei zabhaliswa eqenjini zisebenzisa amasampula alula.Inguqulo yesiShayina ye-Mishel Disease Uncertainty Scale (MUIS) yasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlolwe ukungaqiniseki kwesifo sesiguli, futhi ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kaningi kwasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlolwe izici zayo ezinethonya.
Isilinganiso sengqikithi yamaphuzu e-MUIS (inguqulo yesiShayina) singama-52.22±12.51, okubonisa ukuthi ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kusezingeni elilinganiselwe.Imiphumela ifakazela ukuthi isikolo esimaphakathi sokungabikezeli kobukhulu siphezulu kakhulu: 2.88 ± 0.90.Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwezinyathelo eziningi kubonise ukuthi abesifazane (t = 2.462, p = .015) banemali engenayo yomndeni yanyanga zonke engekho ngaphansi kuka-RMB 10,000 (t = -2.095, p = .039), futhi inkambo yokugula ingu-≥ izinsuku ezingu-28 ( t = 2.249, p =. 027) iyisici esizimele esinomthelela wokungaqiniseki kwesifo.
Iziguli ezine-COVID-19 zisezingeni elimaphakathi lokungaqiniseki kwezifo.Izisebenzi zezokwelapha kufanele zinake kakhulu iziguli zesifazane, iziguli ezineholo elincane lomndeni lanyanga zonke, kanye neziguli ezinesikhathi eside sokugula, futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokungenelela ezihlosiwe ukuze zizisize zehlise ukungaqiniseki kwesifo sazo.
Njengoba zibhekene nesifo esithathelwanayo esisha nesingaziwa, iziguli ezitholwe zine-COVID-19 zingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, futhi ukungaqiniseki kwalesi sifo kuwumthombo omkhulu wengcindezi ehlupha iziguli.Lolu cwaningo luphenye ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kweziguli ze-COVID-19 ezibhedlela zamaselula, futhi imiphumela yabonisa izinga elilinganiselwe.Imiphumela yocwaningo izohlomulisa abahlengikazi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo zomphakathi kanye nabacwaningi bakusasa kunoma iyiphi indawo ehlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kweziguli ze-COVID-19.
Ekupheleni kuka-2019, isifo seCoronavirus sika-2019 (COVID-19) saqubuka eWuhan, eSifundazweni saseHubei, eChina, saba inkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi eChina nasemhlabeni (Huang et al., 2020).I-World Health Organization (WHO) iwubala njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo yomphakathi esikhathaza amazwe ngamazwe (PHEIC).Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane, i-Wuhan COVID-19 Prevention and Control Command Center yanquma ukwakha izibhedlela eziningi eziphathwayo ukuze zelaphe iziguli ezinezifo ezingatheni.Njengoba zibhekene nesifo esithathelwanayo esisha nesingaziwa, iziguli ezitholwe zine-COVID-19 zihlushwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).Ukungaqiniseki ngalesi sifo kuwumthombo oyinhloko wokucindezeleka okuhlupha iziguli.Njengoba kuchaziwe, lokhu kwenzeka lapho isiguli sihluleka ukulawula izenzakalo ezihlobene nesifo kanye nekusasa laso, futhi kungase kwenzeke kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo (ngokwesibonelo, Esigabeni sokuxilongwa,... esigabeni sokwelashwa, noma ngaphandle kwezifo. ukusinda) (Mishel et al., 2018).Ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kuhlobene nemiphumela engemihle yezenhlalo nezengqondo, kanye nokwehla okuhlobene nempilo kwekhwalithi yokuphila kanye nezimpawu ezibucayi zomzimba (Kim et al., 2020; Parker et al., 2016; Szulczewski et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2015).Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuhlola isimo samanje kanye nezici ezinomthelela zokungaqiniseki kwezifo ezigulini ezine-COVID-19, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sezifundo zokungenelela ezifanele zesikhathi esizayo.
I-COVID-19 iyisifo esisha esithathelwanayo sohlobo B esisakazwa ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi okuphefumula kanye nokuthintana eduze.Kuwubhubhane oluyingozi kakhulu lwegciwane ekhulwini lama-21 futhi lunomthelela ongakaze ubonwe emhlabeni wonke empilweni yengqondo yabantu.Selokhu kwaqubuka i-COVID-19 eWuhan City, eSifundazweni saseHubei ekupheleni kuka-2019, amacala atholakale emazweni nasezifundeni ezingama-213.NgoMashi 11, 2020, i-WHO yamemezela lolu bhubhane njengobhubhane lomhlaba wonke (Xiong et al., 2020).Njengoba ubhubhane lwe-COVIC-19 lusabalala futhi luqhubeka, izinkinga ezingokwengqondo ezilandelayo seziphenduke iziphakamiso ezibaluleke kakhulu.Ucwaningo oluningi lubonise ukuthi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 luhlobene namazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka kwengqondo.Lapho bebhekene nobhubhane, abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi iziguli ze-COVID-19, bazoba nochungechunge lokusabela okungekuhle kwemizwa njengokukhathazeka nokwethuka (Le, Dang, et al., 2020; Tee ML et al., 2020; Wang, Chudzicka -Czupała Et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).I-pathogenesis, isikhathi sokufukamela, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-COVID-19 kusesesigabeni sokuhlola, futhi kusenezinkinga eziningi okufanele zicaciswe mayelana nokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa kanye nokuqonda kwesayensi.Ukuqubuka nokuqhubeka kwalolu bhubhane kwenze abantu bazizwa bengaqinisekile futhi bengalawuleki ngalesi sifo.Uma sesitholakele, isiguli asinaso isiqiniseko sokuthi kukhona yini ukwelashwa okusebenzayo, ukuthi singelapheka, singasichitha kanjani isikhathi sokuzihlukanisa, nokuthi kuzoba namuphi umthelela kithi namalungu omndeni waso.Ukungaqiniseki kokugula kubeka umuntu esimweni sokucindezeleka njalo futhi kukhiqiza ukukhathazeka, ukudangala nokwesaba (Hao F et al., 2020).
Ngo-1981, uMishel wachaza ukungaqiniseki kwesifo futhi wasingenisa emkhakheni wobuhlengikazi.Lapho umuntu engenalo ikhono lokwahlulela izenzakalo ezihlobene nesifo futhi lesi sifo sibangela izenzakalo ezihlobene nokuvuselela, umuntu akakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezihambisanayo ngokwakheka nencazelo yezenzakalo ezishukumisayo, futhi kuzokwenzeka umuzwa wokungaqiniseki kwesifo.Lapho isiguli singakwazi ukusebenzisa isizinda saso semfundo, ukwesekwa komphakathi, noma ubuhlobo nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze sithole ulwazi nolwazi oludingayo, ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kuyanda.Lapho ubuhlungu, ukukhathala, noma izenzakalo ezihlobene nezidakamizwa zenzeka, ukuntuleka kolwazi kuzokwanda, futhi ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kuzokwanda.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukungaqiniseki kwezifo okuphezulu kuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwekhono lokucubungula ulwazi olusha, ukubikezela imiphumela, nokuzivumelanisa nokuxilongwa (Mishel et al., 2018; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018).
Ukungaqiniseki kwezifo kusetshenziswe ezifundweni zeziguli ezinezifo ezihlukahlukene ezinzima nezingapheli, futhi inani elikhulu lemiphumela libonisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwengqondo yesifo kuhlobene nemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene yeziguli.Ngokuqondile, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo kuhlotshaniswa nezinga eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki kwezifo (Mullins et al., 2017);ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kuyisibikezelo sokucindezeleka (Zhang et al., 2018);ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungaqiniseki kwezifo kubhekwa ngazwilinye Kuyisigameko esibi (Hoth et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2016; Sharkey et al., 2018) futhi kukholakala ukuthi sihlobene nemiphumela engemihle yengqondo nezenhlalo njengokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (Kim et al. People, 2020; Szulczewski et al., 2017).Akuphazamisi kuphela ikhono leziguli lokufuna ulwazi lwezifo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukukhetha kwazo ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwezempilo (Moreland & Santacroce, 2018), kodwa futhi kunciphisa izinga lempilo lesiguli elihlobene nempilo, kanye nezimpawu ezibucayi kakhulu zomzimba (Guan et al. People, 2020; Varner et al., 2019).
Ngenxa yale miphumela emibi yokungaqiniseki kwezifo, abacwaningi abaningi ngokwengeziwe baye baqala ukunaka izinga lokungaqiniseki leziguli ezinezifo ezihlukahlukene futhi bazama ukuthola izindlela zokunciphisa kakhulu ukungaqiniseki kwezifo.Ithiyori kaMishel ichaza ukuthi ukungaqiniseki kwalesi sifo kubangelwa izimpawu zesifo ezingacacile, ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuntuleka kolwazi oluhlobene nokuxilongwa nobukhulu besifo, kanye nenqubo yesifo esingalindelekile kanye nokubikezelwa.Kuphinde kuthintwa izinga lokuqonda leziguli kanye nokwesekwa komphakathi.Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi umbono wokungaqiniseki kwezifo uthintwa yizici eziningi.Ubudala, uhlanga, umqondo wamasiko, isizinda semfundo, isimo sezomnotho, inkambo yesifo, nokuthi ngabe lesi sifo senziwa inkimbinkimbi yini ezinye izifo noma izimpawu emininingwaneni yabantu kanye neyomtholampilo yeziguli zihlaziywa njengezici ezithinta umbono wokungaqiniseki kwesifo. .Izifundo eziningi (uParker et al., 2016).
Phenya isimo esingaqinisekile kanye nezici ezinomthelela ezigulini ze-COVID-19 ezibhedlela zamaselula.
Ucwaningo oluhlukene lwenziwa esibhedlela sokukhosela esingumahamba nendlwana, esihlanganisa indawo engamamitha-skwele ayi-1385, ihlukaniswe yaba amawadi amathathu, anemibhede engama-678 isiyonke.
Kusetshenziswa indlela yokusampula, iziguli eziyi-114 ze-COVID-19 ezingeniswe esibhedlela esihlala eWuhan, eSifundazweni saseHubei ngoFebhuwari 2020 zasetshenziswa njengezinto zocwaningo.Indlela yokufaka: iminyaka engu-18-65;ukuqinisekisile ukutheleleka nge-COVID-19 futhi ngokomtholampilo kubhekwa njengezimo ezithambile noma ezilinganiselayo ngokuya ngokuxilonga kanye nemihlahlandlela yokwelashwa kazwelonke;wavuma ukuhlanganyela ocwaningweni.Imibandela yokukhishwa: ukukhubazeka kwengqondo noma ukugula kwengqondo noma kwengqondo;ukungaboni kahle, ukuzwa noma ukukhubazeka kolimi.
Ngenxa yemithetho yokuhlukaniswa kwe-COVID-19, inhlolovo yenziwe ngohlobo lwemibuzo ye-elekthronikhi, futhi ukuqinisekiswa okunengqondo kwahlelwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufaneleka kohlu lwemibuzo.Kulolu cwaningo, kwenziwa inhlolovo yasendaweni yeziguli ze-COVID-19 ezilaliswe esibhedlela esinamaselula, futhi abacwaningi bahlola ngokucophelela iziguli ngokwemibandela yokufakwa kanye nokukhishwa ngaphandle.Abacwaningi bayala iziguli ukuthi zigcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo ngolimi oluhlangene.Iziguli zigcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo ngokungaziwa ngokuskena ikhodi ye-QR.
Uhlu lwemibuzo oludizayinelwe lona olujwayelekile luhlanganisa ubulili, ubudala, isimo somshado, inani lezingane, indawo yokuhlala, izinga lemfundo, isimo somsebenzi kanye neholo lanyanga zonke lomndeni, kanye nesikhathi kusukela kwaqala i-COVID-19, kanye nezihlobo. nabangane asebengenwe yileli gciwane.
ISikali Sokungaqiniseki Kwezifo ekuqaleni saqanjwa nguSolwazi Mishel ngo-1981, futhi sabuyekezwa ithimba lika-Ye Zengjie ukwenza inguqulo yesiShayina ye-MUIS (Ye et al., 2018).Ihlanganisa izinhlangothi ezintathu zokungaqiniseki kanye nengqikithi yezinto ezingu-20: ukungaqondakali (izinto eziyi-8).), ukuntula ukucaca (izinto ezingu-7) nokungabikezeli (izinto ezi-5), okuyizinto ezi-4 zazo ziyizinto zokuhlehlisa amaphuzu.Lezi zinto zitholwa kusetshenziswa isikali samaphuzu angu-5 we-Likert, lapho 1=engavumelani kakhulu, 5=uvuma ngokuqinile, futhi isamba sebanga lamaphuzu ngu-20-100;lapho amaphuzu aphezulu, kukhulu ukungaqiniseki.Isikolo sihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu: aphansi (20-46.6), aphakathi (46.7-73.3) naphezulu (73.3-100).I-α ye-Cronbach ye-MUIS yesiShayina ingu-0.825, futhi i-α ye-Cronbach yobukhulu ngabunye ingu-0.807-0.864.
Abahlanganyeli bazisiwe ngenjongo yocwaningo, futhi imvume enolwazi yatholwa lapho kuqashwa abahlanganyeli.Base beqala ukugcwalisa ngokuzithandela futhi bathumele imibuzo ku-inthanethi.
Sebenzisa i-SPSS 16.0 ukuze usungule isizindalwazi kanye nedatha yokungenisa ukuze ihlaziywe.Idatha yokubala ichazwa njengephesenti futhi ihlaziywe ukuhlolwa kwe-chi-square;idatha yokulinganisa ehambisana nokusatshalaliswa okuvamile ichazwa njengesilinganiso ± ukuchezuka okujwayelekile, futhi ukuhlolwa kuka-t kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izici ezithinta ukungaqiniseki kwesimo sesiguli se-COVID-19 ngokusebenzisa ukuhlehla okuphindwe ngezinyathelo eziningi.Uma p <.05, umehluko ubalulekile ngokwezibalo.
Isamba semibuzo yemibuzo eyi-114 esatshalaliswa kulolu cwaningo, futhi izinga lokutholwa elisebenzayo libe ngu-100%.Ezigulini eziyi-114, abesilisa abangama-51 kwathi abangama-63 ngabesifazane;babeneminyaka engu-45.11 ± 11.43 ubudala.Isilinganiso senani lezinsuku kusukela kwaqala i-COVID-19 sasiyizinsuku ezingama-27.69 ± 10.31.Iningi leziguli lalishadile, isibalo samacala angama-93 (81.7%).Phakathi kwabo, abashadile kutholakale ukuthi bane-COVID-19 ababalelwa ku-28.1%, izingane zibalelwa ku-12.3%, abazali babalelwa ku-28.1%, kanti abangani babalelwa ku-39.5%.U-75.4% weziguli ze-COVID-19 zikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi lesi sifo sizothinta amalungu emindeni yazo;I-70.2% yeziguli ikhathazekile nge-sequelae yalesi sifo;Amaphesenti angu-54.4 eziguli akhathazeke ngokuthi isimo sazo sizoba sibi kakhulu futhi sithinte impilo yazo evamile;U-32.5% weziguli ukhathazekile ngokuthi lesi sifo sizobathinta Sebenza;U-21.2% weziguli ukhathazekile ngokuthi lesi sifo sizophazamisa ukuphepha kwezomnotho kwemindeni yazo.
Isamba sesiko le-MUIS seziguli ze-COVID-19 singama-52.2 ± 12.5, okubonisa ukuthi ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kusezingeni elilinganiselwe (Ithebula 1).Sihlele amaphuzu ento ngayinye yokungaqiniseki kwesifo sesiguli futhi sathola ukuthi into enamaphuzu aphezulu kwakuwukuthi “Angikwazi ukubikezela ukuthi isifo sami (ukwelashwa) sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani” (Ithebula 2).
Idatha evamile yezibalo zabahlanganyeli yasetshenziswa njengokuhluka kweqembu ukuze kuqhathaniswe ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kweziguli ze-COVID-19.Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ubulili, imali engenayo yomndeni yenyanga kanye nesikhathi sokuqala (t = -3.130, 2.276, -2.162, p <.05) kwakubalulekile ngokwezibalo (Ithebula 3).
Ukuthatha inani lamaphuzu e-MUIS njengokuhluka okuncikile, kanye nokusebenzisa izici ezintathu ezibalulekile ngokwezibalo (ubulili, imali engenayo yanyanga zonke yomndeni, isikhathi sokuqala) ekuhlaziyweni okungaguquki nokuhlaziywa kokuhlobana njengokuguquguqukayo okuzimele, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla okulandela izinyathelo eziningi kwenziwa.Okuguquguqukayo ekugcineni kungena kuzibalo zokuhlehla ubulili, iholo lanyanga zonke lomndeni kanye nesikhathi sokuqala kwe-COVID-19, okuyizinto ezintathu eziyinhloko ezithinta okuguquguqukayo okuncikile (Ithebula 4).
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi inani eliphelele le-MUIS ezigulini ze-COVID-19 lingu-52.2±12.5, okubonisa ukuthi ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kusezingeni elilinganiselwe, elihambisana nocwaningo lokungaqiniseki kwesifo lwezifo ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-COPD, inhliziyo yokuzalwa. isifo, nesifo segazi.I-Dialysis yokucindezela, umkhuhlane wemvelaphi engaziwa ekhaya naphesheya (Hoth et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018; Lyu et al., 2019; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018; Yang et al., 2015).Ngokusekelwe kumbono wokungaqiniseki wesifo sikaMishel (Mishel, 2018; Zhang, 2017), ukujwayela nokuvumelana kwemicimbi ye-COVID-19 kusezingeni eliphansi, ngoba kuyisifo esisha, esingaziwa futhi esithathelwanayo kakhulu, okungenzeka Ukungaqiniseki okuholela izinga eliphezulu lesifo.Nokho, imiphumela yocwaningo ayizange iveze imiphumela elindelekile.Izizathu ezingenzeka zimi kanje: (a) Ukuqina kwezimpawu kuyisici esiyinhloko sokungaqiniseki kwesifo (Mishel et al., 2018).Ngokwemibandela yokwamukelwa kwezibhedlela ezingomakhalekhukhwini, zonke iziguli ziyiziguli ezithambile.Ngakho-ke, amaphuzu okungaqiniseki kwesifo awakafinyeleli ezingeni eliphezulu;(b) ukusekelwa komphakathi yisibikezelo esiyinhloko sezinga lokungaqiniseki kwesifo.Ngokusekelwa impendulo kuzwelonke ku-COVID-19, iziguli zingangeniswa ezibhedlela ezihlala omahambanendlwana ngesikhathi ngemva kokuxilongwa, futhi zithole ukwelashwa kochwepheshe emaqenjini ezokwelapha avela kuzo zonke izifundazwe namadolobhakazi ezweni lonke.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokwelashwa zithwalwa nguhulumeni, ukuze iziguli zingabi nazinkathazo, futhi ngezinga elithile, ukungaqiniseki kwalezi zimo zeziguli kuyancipha;(C).Isibhedlela esinamaselula siqoqe isibalo esikhulu seziguli ze-COVID-19 ezinezimpawu ezithambile.Ukuxoxisana phakathi kwabo kwaqinisa ukuzethemba kwabo ekunqobeni lesi sifo.Umkhathi osebenzayo usiza iziguli zigweme ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka kanye neminye imizwa engemihle ebangelwa ukuzihlukanisa, futhi ngokwezinga elithile kunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kwesiguli mayelana nesifo (Parker et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018).
Into enamaphuzu aphezulu ithi “Angikwazi ukubikezela ukuthi isifo sami (ukwelashwa) sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani”, okungu-3.52±1.09.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuthi i-COVID-19 iyisifo esisha esithathelwanayo, iziguli azazi lutho ngaso;ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkambo yesifo yinde.Kulolu cwaningo, amacala angama-69 abe nokuqala kwezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingama-28, okubalelwa ku-60.53% yenani eliphelele labaphendulile.Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala kweziguli eziyi-114 esibhedlela esihlala emazingeni omahambanendlwana kwakuyizinsuku (13.07±5.84).Phakathi kwabo, abantu abangama-39 bahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ama-2 (ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-14), okubalelwa ku-34.21% yenani eliphelele.Ngakho-ke, isiguli sanikeza amaphuzu aphezulu entweni.
Into esezingeni lesibili "Anginasiqiniseko sokuthi isifo sami sihle noma sibi" sinamaphuzu angu-3.20 ± 1.21.I-COVID-19 iyisifo esisha, esingaziwa, futhi esithathelwanayo kakhulu.Ukuvela, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo kusahlolwa.Isiguli asinaso isiqiniseko sokuthi izokhula kanjani nokuthi iphathwa kanjani, okungase kuphumele ekutholeni amaphuzu aphezulu entweni.
Okleliswe endaweni yesithathu “Nginemibuzo eminingi engenazimpendulo” uthole u-3.04±1.23.Lapho bebhekene nezifo ezingaziwa, izisebenzi zezokwelapha zihlala zihlola futhi zandisa ukuqonda kwazo izifo kanye nezinhlelo zokuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa.Ngakho-ke, eminye imibuzo ehlobene nesifo ephakanyiswe iziguli kungenzeka ukuthi ayizange iphendulwe ngokugcwele.Njengoba isilinganiso sabasebenzi bezokwelapha ezibhedlela ezingomakhalekhukhwini ngokuvamile sigcinwa ku-6:1 futhi kuqaliswa uhlelo lwamashifu amane, isisebenzi sezokwelapha ngasinye sidinga ukunakekela iziguli eziningi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlelweni lokuxhumana nabasebenzi bezokwelapha abagqoke izingubo zokuzivikela, kungase kube nenani elithile lolwazi oluncishisiwe.Nakuba isiguli sinikezwe imiyalelo nezincazelo ezihlobene nokwelashwa kwesifo ngangokunokwenzeka, eminye imibuzo yomuntu siqu ingase ingaphendulwanga ngokugcwele.
Ekuqaleni kwale nkinga yezempilo yomhlaba wonke, kube nomehluko olwazini mayelana ne-COVID-19 olutholwa abasebenzi bezempilo, abasebenzi bomphakathi kanye nenani labantu jikelele.Abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nabasebenzi bomphakathi bangathola izinga eliphezulu lokuqwashisa kanye nolwazi lokulawula ubhubhane ngezifundo zokuqeqesha ezihlukene.Umphakathi ubone imininingwane eminingi engemihle nge-COVID-19 ngemithombo yezindaba, njengolwazi oluhlobene nokwehliswa kokuhlinzekwa kwemishini yezokwelapha, okukhulise ukukhathazeka kwesiguli nokugula.Lesi simo sibonisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokwandisa ukumbozwa kolwazi lwezempilo oluthembekile, ngoba ulwazi oludukisayo lungase luthiye izikhungo zezempilo ekulawuleni izifo eziwumshayabhuqe (Tran et al., 2020).Ukwaneliseka okuphezulu ngolwazi lwezempilo kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nomthelela ophansi ongokwengqondo, ukugula, kanye nokukhathazeka noma amaphuzu okucindezeleka (Le, Dang, njll., 2020).
Imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje ngeziguli ze-COVID-19 ikhombisa ukuthi iziguli zesifazane zinezinga eliphakeme lokungaqiniseki kwezifo kuneziguli zesilisa.UMushel waveza ukuthi njengokuhlukahluka okuyisisekelo kwethiyori, ikhono lomuntu lokuqonda lizothinta umbono wezisusa ezihlobene nesifo.Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu emakhonweni okuqonda amadoda nabesifazane (Hyde, 2014).Abesifazane bangcono ekuzizweleni nasekucabangeni okunembile, kuyilapho amadoda ethambekele kakhulu ekucabangeni kokuhlaziya okunengqondo, okungakhuthaza ukuqonda kweziguli zabesilisa izisusa, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise ukungaqiniseki kwazo ngalesi sifo.Abesilisa nabesifazane nabo bayehluka ngohlobo nokusebenza kahle kwemizwa.Abesifazane bakhetha izitayela zokubhekana nemizwa nokugwema, kuyilapho amadoda evame ukusebenzisa amasu okuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokucabanga okuhle ukuze abhekane nezenzakalo ezimbi ezingokomzwelo (Schmitt et al., 2017).Lokhu futhi kubonisa ukuthi izisebenzi zezokwelapha kufanele ziqondise iziguli ngokufanelekile ukuze zizisize zilondoloze ukungathathi hlangothi lapho zihlola ngokunembile futhi ziqonda ukungaqiniseki kwesifo ngokwaso.
Iziguli umholo wazo wanyanga zonke womndeni ungaphezu noma olingana no-RMB 10,000 unamaphuzu e-MUIS aphansi kakhulu.Lokhu okutholakele kuyahambisana nezinye izifundo (Li et al., 2019; Ni et al., 2018), eziveze ukuthi imali engenayo yanyanga zonke ephansi yomndeni iyisibikezelo esihle sokungaqiniseki kwezifo zeziguli.Isizathu salokhu kuqagela ukuthi iziguli ezinemiholo ephansi yomndeni zinezinsiza zomphakathi ezimbalwa kanye nemigudu embalwa yokuthola ulwazi lwezifo.Ngenxa yomsebenzi ongazinzile kanye nemali engenayo yezomnotho, ngokuvamile banomthwalo womndeni osindayo.Ngakho-ke, lapho ubhekene nesifo esingaziwa futhi esibucayi, leli qembu leziguli linokungabaza nokukhathazeka, ngaleyo ndlela libonisa izinga eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki kwezifo.
Uma lesi sifo sithatha isikhathi eside, umuzwa wokungaqiniseki wesiguli uyancipha (Mishel, 2018).Imiphumela yocwaningo iyakufakazela lokhu (Tian et al., 2014), ethi ukwanda kokuxilongwa kwezifo ezingelapheki, ukwelashwa, kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela kusiza iziguli ukuthi zibone futhi zijwayelane nemicimbi ehlobene Nezifo.Nokho, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibonisa ukungqubuzana okuphambene.Ngokukhethekile, ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kwamacala adlule izinsuku ezingama-28 noma ngaphezulu kusukela kwaqala i-COVID-19 kukhule kakhulu, okuhambisana no-Li (Li et al., 2018) ocwaningweni lwakhe lweziguli ezinomkhuhlane ongaziwa.Umphumela uyahambisana nesizathu.Ukuvela, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezingapheli kucacile.Njengesifo esisha esithathelwanayo esingalindelekile, i-COVID-19 isahlolwa.Indlela yokwelapha lesi sifo iwukuhamba emanzini angaziwa, lapho kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo kungazelelwe.Imicimbi, njengeziguli ezibuye zabuyela emuva ngemuva kokukhishwa esibhedlela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka.Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa kanye nokuqonda kwesayensi kwalesi sifo, yize ukuqala kwe-COVID-19 sekunwetshiwe, iziguli ezine-COVID-19 azikaqiniseki ngokuthuthuka nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.Lapho sibhekene nokungaqiniseki, lapho i-COVID-19 iqala isikhathi eside, isiguli sizokhathazeka kakhulu ngomphumela wokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, kuqina ukungaqiniseki kwesiguli mayelana nezici zesifo, futhi kukhulisa ukungaqiniseki kwesifo. .
Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi iziguli ezinezici ezingenhla kufanele zigxile ezifweni, futhi umgomo wokungenelela kwezifo uwukuthola indlela yokuphatha yokunciphisa izifo.Kuhlanganisa imfundo yezempilo, ukusekelwa kolwazi, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT).Ezigulini ze-COVID-19, ukwelapha ngokuziphatha kungase kuzisize zisebenzise amasu okuphumula ukuze zilwe nokukhathazeka futhi zivikele iziqephu ezicindezelayo ngokushintsha uhlelo lwemisebenzi yansuku zonke.I-CBT inganciphisa ukuziphatha okungalungile kokubhekana nakho, njengokugwema, ukungqubuzana kanye nokuzigxeka.Thuthukisa amandla abo okuphatha ingcindezi (Ho et al., 2020).Ukungenelela kwe-Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) kungazuzisa iziguli ezithelelekile futhi ezithola ukunakekelwa emawadini okuhlala zodwa, kanye neziguli ezihlala zodwa emakhaya futhi ezingenakho ukufinyelela kochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo (Ho et al., 2020; Soh et al., 2020; Zhang & Ho, 2017).
Izikolo ze-MUIS zeziguli ze-COVID-19 ezibhedlela zezindawo zokuhlala zikhombisa izinga elilinganiselwe lokungaqiniseki kwezifo.Lona onamaphuzu aphezulu ezinhlangothini ezintathu awubikezeleki.Kutholakale ukuthi ukungaqiniseki kwalesi sifo kuhlotshaniswa kahle nesikhathi kusukela kwaqala i-COVID-19, futhi kuhlobene kabi nemali engenayo yanyanga zonke yesiguli.Abesilisa bathola amaphuzu aphansi kunabesifazane.Khumbuza abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi banake kakhulu iziguli zesifazane, iziguli ezineholo eliphansi lomndeni lanyanga zonke kanye nokugula isikhathi eside, zithathe izinyathelo zokungenelela ukuze zinciphise ukungaqiniseki kweziguli ngesimo sazo, ziqondise iziguli ukuze ziqinise izinkolelo zazo, zibhekane nesifo ngokucindezela isimo sengqondo esihle, sebenzisana nokwelashwa, futhi uthuthukise ukuhambisana nokwelashwa Ucansi.
Njenganoma yiluphi ucwaningo, lolu cwaningo lunokulinganiselwa okuthile.Kulolu cwaningo, isikali sokuzilinganisa kuphela esisetshenziswe ukuphenya ukungaqiniseki kwesifo seziguli ze-COVID-19 ezelashwa ezibhedlela zezindawo zokukhosela.Kunomehluko wamasiko ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ubhubhane ezifundeni ezihlukene (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała, et al., 2020), okungase kuthinte ukumeleleka kwamasampuli kanye nokutholakala kwendawo yonke kwemiphumela.Enye inkinga yukuthi ngenxa yesimo socwaningo oluphambene, lolu cwaningo aluzange luqhube izifundo ezengeziwe mayelana nezinguquko eziguquguqukayo zokungaqiniseki kwezifo kanye nemiphumela yayo yesikhathi eside ezigulini.Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi azikho izinguquko ezibalulekile ze-longitudinal emazingeni okucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka nokudangala kubantu abaningi ngemva kwamaviki angu-4 (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b).Ukwakhiwa okwengeziwe kwe-longitudinal kuyadingeka ukuhlola izigaba ezahlukene zesifo kanye nomthelela waso ezigulini.
Wenze igalelo elibalulekile emcabangweni nasekuklanyweni, noma ekutholweni kwedatha, noma ekuhlaziyeni nasekuchazeni idatha;I-DL, i-CL ibambe iqhaza ekubhaleni imibhalo yesandla noma okuqukethwe kolwazi olubalulekile olubuyekezwe ngokujulile;I-DL, CL, DS igcine ivumile ukuthi inguqulo ikhishwe.Umbhali ngamunye kufanele abambe iqhaza ngokugcwele emsebenzini futhi azibophezele emphakathini ngengxenye efanele yokuqukethwe;I-DL, CL, DS iyavuma ukuba nesibopho kuzo zonke izici zomsebenzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izindaba ezihlobene nokunemba noma ukuphelela kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yomsebenzi ziphenywa kahle futhi Zixazululwe;I-DS
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-16-2021